論文 | 全球人工智能治理：多元主體結構與互動機制

論文發表

近日，全球人工智能創新治理中心秘書長、復旦發展研究院副研究員姚旭合作論文《全球人工智能治理：多元主體結構與互動機制》發表于《信息安全與通信保密》（2025年11月）。

研究基于人工智能技術快速迭代并深度嵌入全球社會結構的背景，檢視了傳統的以國家為中心的單邊治理模式存在的困境。研究提出，全球人工智能治理正呈現出國際組織、主權國家、科技企業與公眾社會多元主體協同參與、跨層級互動的新格局。為此，本研究立足“規則—能力—認知”的分析框架，系統梳理四類關鍵行為體在制度規則、資源協作與公共空間三個維度的互動機制，揭示治理權力從剛性控制向軟性重構的演進邏輯，為理解全球AI治理的范式轉型與體系重構提供了理論支撐。

作者/Authors

姚旭、朱政宇

（姚旭，全球人工智能創新治理中心秘書長、復旦大學發展研究院副研究員，主要研究方向為人工智能、科技產業和數據治理）

摘要/Abstract

在人工智能技術快速發展并深度嵌入社會結構的背景下，全球人工智能治理呈現出多主體參與、跨層級協作的新格局。以國際組織、國家主體、科技企業與公眾4類關鍵治理行為體為分析主線，梳理其在人工智能治理中的角色演變與互動機制。通過對制度規則互動、資源協作互動與公共空間互動 3 種主要關系類型的系統歸納，形成“規則—能力—認知”閉環，揭示多元主體在標準制定、能力組織與社會反饋等治理環節中的協同路徑與結構特征。不同主體在互動過程中不斷推動人工智能治理從單邊規制向協商共治演進，逐步形成一個具備網絡特征與適應能力的多元參與治理體系。這有助于深化對全球人工智能治理中行為體關系結構與互動邏輯的理解，為構建更具包容性和有效性的治理架構提供基礎性支撐。

Against the backdrop of rapid advances in artificial intelligence(AI) and its deep embedding in social structures, global AI governance is taking shape as a new landscape characterized by multi–actor participation and cross–level collaboration. Focusing on four key categories of governance actors—states, international organizations, technology companies, and the public—this paper traces the evolution of their roles and the mechanisms of their interaction in AI governance. By systematically summarizing three main types of relationships—interaction through institutional rules, resource collaboration, and public sphere—it constructs a “rules–capabilities–cognition” closed loop, revealing the pathways of coordination and structural features through which diverse actors engage in standard–setting, capacity building, and societal feedback. In the process of interaction, these actors continuously propel AI governance from unilateral regulation toward negotiated co–governance, gradually forming a multi–actor governance system with networked characteristics and adaptive capacities. This study helps to clarify the relational structures and interaction logics among actors in global AI governance and provides a foundational basis for building more inclusive and effective governance frameworks.

關鍵詞/Key Words

人工智能治理；多元主體；制度規則；資源協作；公共空間

AI governance ; multiple actors ; institutional rule ; resource collaboration ; public sphere

原文鏈接/Link

https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=vxt3_kKBHYNXjkzbYTQhxK2OmFnzNYUZHDXBm4h5kEwlR26VYlZVuJJYwPl8xf1U0xheo43OtuC8UyeNwNQQHXwMOvbnXssEM68IiqjN4ufO2FaTpGklGpTd9n_YCM4TYcVqzvSOxA3_l1YyF7K-9m5_EwOCP-E8RPO_KRG_uvnb78fPJqE6Dg==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS

來源｜全球人工智能創新治理中心

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