這是 一直夫婦 的第 673 篇文章
本文 1228 字,預計閱讀 5min
從外刊中選了兩個短語,我們一起來學習把它們應用到寫作中。
01
have important consequences
Though often derided as hopelessly idealistic, it had important consequences.
譯文:盡管常被嘲笑為無可救藥的理想主義,但這卻產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。
consequence
表示常見「產(chǎn)生重要影響」,你是不是脫口而出 have an important impact?很好。不過,是不是有點膩了?換個名詞,立馬化腐朽為神奇!那就是把 impact 換成 consequence。這個詞在四六級、考研真題中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高,意思是「結果;后果」,可以替換 result。
have important/serious consequences for sb/sth
如果想表示「造成嚴重后果」,同樣可以用上這個名詞,我們只需要把形容詞再變一變,搭配 for,就成了另一個短語 have serious consequences for sb/sth。
This decision could have serious consequences for the industry.
這項決定可能對該行業(yè)造成嚴重后果。
或者,我們把 have 換成 lead to。比如,2021 年 6 月第二套的四級完形填空中有這樣一句,其中劃線處讓我們選擇的單詞正是 consequence:
It can lead to very serious health consequences for individuals who become isolated and disconnected.
對于離群索居的人來說,這會導致非常嚴重的健康后果。
▍動動筆
2022 年 12 月四級真題的作文主題是 the role of physical exercise in achieving success at college。我們在第三段下結論的時候就可以這樣寫:
To sum up, physical exercise has important consequences in keeping one's thinking and judgment skills as sharp as possible. Hence, people could be rewarded with success.
總之,體育鍛煉有著重要的影響,使人的思維能力和判斷能力非常敏銳。因此,人們可以獲得成功。
02
in aggregate
This has spared banks from having to realise losses that, in aggregate, ran to $620bn at the end of 2022—enough to wipe out nearly a third of equity capital in the banking system.
譯文:這使得銀行不必實現(xiàn)損失。這筆損失在 2022 年底總計達 6200 億美元,足以抹去銀行系統(tǒng)近三分之一的股權資本。
in aggregate
aggregate 這個詞有三個詞性。作名詞時,它表示 a total number or amount made up of smaller amounts that are collected together「總數(shù),合計」,所以 in aggregate 用來表示 added together as a total or single amount「總共;整體上」,有時可以替換 in total。這個短語比較正式,也可以寫作 in the aggr egate 。
Expenses are deductible only to the extent that in aggregate they exceed 7 percent of gross income.
只有在消費總額超過總收入的 7% 時才可免稅。
第二,aggregate 還可以作形容詞,表示「總計的,總數(shù)的」,所以「總產(chǎn)量的增長」為 an increase in the aggregate production。如果想表示「總成交量」,那就是 aggregate turnover。這個單詞在外刊中使用頻率較高,再來看個《經(jīng)濟學人》例句。
In the first half of the year, the S&P 500 shed 20.6% and an aggregate measure of the price of Treasuries lost 8.6%.
今年上半年,標普 500 指數(shù)下跌了 20.6%,而國債價格的一項綜合指標下跌了 8.6%。
▍動動筆
四六級、英語二考過圖表作文,英語一可能也會考察圖表作文。2022 年英二的大作文主題跟快遞業(yè)務量變化有關,很適合用上我們新學的這個短語。但必須提醒大家,這個短語要用必須寫對。
The number of express deliveries in aggregate across China increased from 51 billion to 83 billion from 2018 to 2020.
2018-2020 年間,全國快遞業(yè)務總量從 510 億件增加到 830 億件。
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