說到煙草,絕大多數人腦海中浮現的第一個詞就是"有害健康"——這的確是不爭的事實。然而,任何絕對化的內容都是值得商榷的!(包括這句話)。事實上,通過對文獻查詢,我們可以發現,煙草既有好的一面,也有壞的一面。
![]()
今天就來和大家聊聊,吸煙究竟有哪些好的方面?
01,煙草對潰瘍性結腸炎有益?
潰瘍性結腸炎是一種常見的疾病,一般歐美發病率高于亞洲,不過近些年來亞洲的發病率也呈現逐步上升的趨勢[1]。
病人結腸粘膜呈充血、水腫,并可以形成多數大小不等、容易出血的潰瘍,嚴重者大段結腸可無正常粘膜;癥狀有腹瀉、腹痛、厭食、發熱、消瘦及糞便有血等。
目前,該疾病病因不明!然而,神奇的是,吸煙卻對這個疾病具有較好的療效[2]。
目前吸煙被認為是影響潰瘍性結腸炎進程最主要的環境因素[3],吸煙者相對于不吸煙者,更少的患有該種疾病(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.45-0.75)[4],癥狀也會更加溫和和輕微。與不吸煙人群相比,吸煙的潰瘍性結腸炎患者的復發率和住院率均要低很多[5,6,7]。
而一旦戒煙,這種疾病的發病率會顯著上升[8]。
![]()
吸煙和發病率,縱軸是發病率,黑色表示10天以下,斜線表示10-15天,白色表示大于15天。
進一步的,對煙草中的成分進行分析,發現煙草的重要成分尼古丁是可以發揮作用,因此目前已經有很多藥物和療法都采用尼古丁。
02,尼古丁對炎癥具有抑制作用?
由于尼古丁是一種煙堿型乙酰膽堿受體,是煙堿樣乙酰膽堿受體(nicotinic acetylcholine receptors,nAChR)a-7壓型的特異性激動劑,具有高通透性和對鈣離子的活性,屬于膽堿抗炎通路重要成分。
![]()
![]()
抗炎癥通路!可以有效的抑制出炎癥因子TNF-a,IL-1,IL-6,HGMB1釋放,促進抗炎因子TGF-β,IL-10的產生[10,11]。
![]()
Antisense oligonucleotides to the α7 subunit inhibit the effect of nicotine on TNF release.
綜上所述,煙草對潰瘍性結腸炎有益,同時尼古丁本身具有“一定程度的”抗炎癥作用,當然了,吸煙的壞處有很多,比如,但同時吸煙又和癌癥特別是肺癌的發生相關性極高,另外吸煙會增加老年癡呆癥的風險。這個咱們明天再聊!
ref.
[1] Wang YF et.al. Progression of inflammatory bowel disease in China [J]. J Digest Dis, 2010,11(2):76-82.
[2] Mokbel M et.al.. Effect of smoking on the long-term course of ulcerative colitis [J]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol, 1998,22(11):858-862.
[3] Harries A et.al.. Non-smoking: a feature of ulcerative colitis [J]. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , 1982,284(6317):706.
[4] Mahid SS et.al.. Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis [J]. Mayo Clin Proc, 2006,81(11):1462-1471.
[5] H?ie O et.al. Ulcerative colitis: patient characteristics may predict 10-yr disease recurrence in a European-wide population-based cohort [J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2007,102(8):1692-1701.
[6] van der Heide F et.al. Effects of active and passive smoking on disease course of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis [J]. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2009,15(8):1199-1207.
[7] Bastida G, Beltran B. Ulcerative colitis in smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers
[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2011,17(22):2740-2747.
[8]Calabrese E et.al. Low-dose smoking resumption in ex-smokers with refractory ulcerative colitis [J]. J Crohns Colitis, 2012,6(7):756-762.
[9] Birrenbach T, Bocker U. Inflammatory bowel disease and smoking: a review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic implications [J]. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2004,10(6):848-859.
[10]Wang H, Yu M, Ochani M, et al. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation[J]. Nature, 2003, 421(6921): 384-388.
[11]Wang H, Liao H, Ochani M, et al. Cholinergic agonists inhibit HMGB1 release and improve survival in experimental sepsis[J]. Nature medicine, 2004, 10(11): 1216-1221.
[12]Ott A, Slooter A J C, Hofman A, et al. Smoking and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in a population-based cohort study: the Rotterdam Study[J]. The Lancet, 1998, 351(9119): 1840-1843.
[13]Anstey K J, von Sanden C, Salim A, et al. Smoking as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: a meta-analysis of prospective studies[J]. American journal of epidemiology, 2007, 166(4): 367-378.
特別聲明:以上內容(如有圖片或視頻亦包括在內)為自媒體平臺“網易號”用戶上傳并發布,本平臺僅提供信息存儲服務。
Notice: The content above (including the pictures and videos if any) is uploaded and posted by a user of NetEase Hao, which is a social media platform and only provides information storage services.