這是 一直夫婦 的第 684 篇文章
本文 907 字,預(yù)計(jì)閱讀 3min
今天我們來學(xué)習(xí)三組同義替換,兩個形容詞,以及一個短語。我所挑出來的這些詞匯不僅可以用在閱讀、翻譯、寫作中,還會在聽力中出現(xiàn),大家要引起重視哦。
嚴(yán)格來說,它們應(yīng)該是「同近義替換」。因?yàn)楹苌贂幸粋€單詞與另一個單詞完全相同的情況。
01
cement 鞏固
cement = consolidate
Nvidia also had the forethought to invest in two areas that helped cement its supremacy.
譯文:英偉達(dá)也很有先見之明,它在兩個領(lǐng)域的投資幫助鞏固了自己的霸主地位。
cement
四級詞匯 + 考研詞匯
這個單詞原本是個名詞,指「水泥」,比如 a bag of cement 是「一袋水泥」。于是,作動詞時,cement 可表示「在……上抹水泥」,把砂石等材料粘合在一起,建筑物會更加牢固。所以它的引申義是 to make a relationship firm and strong「加強(qiáng),鞏固」關(guān)系等。因此,我們有時可以用它來替代 strengthen。
Nothing cements a friendship between countries so much as trade.
貿(mào)易最能增強(qiáng)國家間的友誼。
再來看一個好玩的《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》例句,跟知名投資公司軟銀有關(guān)。
The highest-profile believer was SoftBank, which poured $1bn into Wirecard in 2019, assuaging other investors’ growing doubts—and cementing its own reputation as one of the world’s least discerning tech investors.
這家公司最高調(diào)的信徒是軟銀,2019 年向 Wirecard 注入了 10 億美元,緩解了其他投資者漸增的疑慮,卻讓自己「世界上眼力最差科技投資者之一」的名聲更加深入人心。
02
underlying 根本的
underlying = fundamental
Many of its underlying causes, though, are in themselves welcome. As people have become richer they have tended to have fewer children.
譯文:然而,這種現(xiàn)象的許多底層原因本身卻是好事。人們富裕后往往更少生孩子。
underlie
underlying 派生自動詞 underlie,意思是 to be the basis or cause of sth「構(gòu)成某事的基礎(chǔ);作為某事的原因」。這個動詞的特殊點(diǎn)在于它不用于被動語態(tài)。
Psychological problems very often underlie apparently physical disorders.
明顯的生理疾病下常常隱藏著心理問題。
underlying
六級詞匯 + 考研詞匯
既然是某事的構(gòu)成基礎(chǔ),說明這往往是最根本的。因此對應(yīng)的形容詞 underlying 表示 important in a situation but not always easily noticed or stated clearly「根本的;潛在的」,類似 fundamental。所以,以后如果想表示「根本原因」,除了用 root cause 之外,還可以說 underlying cause。2023 年 3 月的六級聽力中剛剛考過。
The researchers assert that ifs important to address each person's underlying cause of loneliness, whether it's the death of a spouse, medical problems, or social expectations that haven't been fulfilled.
研究人員認(rèn)為,重要的是要解決每個人孤獨(dú)的根本原因,無論是配偶去世、醫(yī)療問題,還是沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的社會期望。
03
opt for 選擇
opt for = choose, select
Many organisers opt for the great outdoors, perhaps in the belief that the sublime will unleash authenticity.
譯文:許多組織者選擇野外活動,也許是相信壯麗的自然景觀會令人的真性情得到釋放。
opt for
提到「選擇」,choose 無疑是多數(shù)人的第一選擇。但老用它也不是事兒,有沒有其他方案?Sure. 短語 opt for sth 同樣可以表示 to choose one thing or do one thing instead of another「選擇」。碳定價是近兩年的熱門術(shù)語,我們來看《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》的報(bào)道。
Carbon prices can also change the behaviour of consumers, encouraging them to opt for a train, bus or boat where available. 碳定價還可改變消費(fèi)者的行為,鼓勵他們盡量選擇火?、?途客?或輪船。
opt to do sth
而如果想表示「選擇做某事」,我們可以用 opt to do sth 來替換 choose to do sth。2019 年 6 月六級第一套的閱讀中有用過該短語。
But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking.
但有些則選擇撒謊,他們顯示出大腦額頂葉控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)活增加,這一組織用于從事困難或復(fù)雜的思維活動。
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