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中國科學院國際合作局出品

Produced by Bureau of International Cooperation, Chinese Academy of Sciences

在太空中，太陽風暴并不是突然發生的事件，而是一個持續變化的過程。“微笑”衛星的任務，就是把這個過程完整記錄下來。

In space, solar storms are not sudden events but continuously evolving processes. SMILE's mission is to capture this evolution as a whole.

?不是“路過看看”，而是“現場蹲點”

Not Just Passing by, But Staying on Site

SMILE運行在一條大傾角、大橢圓軌道（HEO）上，軌道近地點約5,000公里，遠地點約121,000公里，周期約51小時。

SMILE operates in a highly inclined, highly elliptical orbit (HEO), with a perigee of about 5,000 km, an apogee of about 121,000 km, and an orbital period of about 51 hours.

這條軌道的關鍵不在于“繞地球飛一圈”，而在于“在關鍵區域停留更久”。當衛星飛到遠地點附近時速度會變慢，就能長時間停留在地球向陽側磁層區域——這里正是太陽風與磁層相互作用最強烈的地方。

The goal is not simply to circle Earth, but to stay longer in key regions. At its farthest point from Earth, above the northern polar region, the spacecraft slows down and can stay longer over the dayside magnetosphere—where solar wind interactions are strongest.

四種“感知工具”一起工作

Four Instruments Working as One System

SMILE搭載四個關鍵載荷，使衛星同時具備“看整體”和“測細節”的能力

SMILE carries four key instruments that work together, enabling it to both image the big picture and measure fine details.

軟X射線成像儀：觀察磁層邊界和整體結構變化

Soft X-ray Imager: observes magnetospheric boundaries and large-scale structures

紫外成像儀：記錄極光的分布與變化

Ultraviolet Imager: tracks the distribution and evolution of auroras

低能離子分析儀：測量太陽風和等離子體粒子

Low-energy Ion Analyzer: measures solar wind and plasma particles

磁強計：捕捉磁場的細微變化

Magnetometer: detects subtle variations in the magnetic field

一邊看整體，一邊測細節

Seeing the Whole System while Measuring Local Details

成像觀測從遠處呈現磁層和極光的整體變化，提供“全景”；就地測量在軌道上直接記錄太陽風、粒子和磁場的局部變化，提供“細節”。兩種觀測方式結合，使我們既能看清系統中正在發生什么，也能定位這些變化發生在何處。

Remote imaging provides a global view of the magnetosphere and auroras, while in-situ measurements capture local variations in solar wind, particles, and magnetic fields. Together, they reveal what is happening across the system—and where it happens.

把碎片變成完整過程

From Fragments to a Complete Picture

SMILE在一次軌道中可連續觀測約40小時，完整記錄太陽風壓縮磁層、極光增強以及磁場擾動與恢復的全過程，使空間天氣從可觀測現象轉變為可持續追蹤與整體理解的動態系統。

During a single orbit, SMILE can observe continuously for up to 40 hours, capturing the full evolution of magnetospheric compression, auroral intensification, and magnetic disturbances and recovery. As a result, space weather is transformed from observable phenomena into a dynamic system that can be continuously tracked and understood.

當SMILE在軌道上持續“凝望”地球時，人類將第一次從整體視角理解太陽與地球之間的真實互動。

As SMILE continues to "watch" Earth from orbit, humanity will, for the first time, understand the true interaction between the Sun and Earth from a system-wide perspective.

來源：CAS雙語科學

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